SQL

Overview

This SQL training program provides a thorough introduction to Structured Query Language, covering essential database concepts and SQL operations. Learners will start with foundational elements like database architecture and SQL command types before moving into practical query writing. The curriculum progresses through data retrieval, filtering, grouping, and joining techniques. It also includes hands-on experience with database objects, stored procedures, transactions, and performance tuning. By the end, students will have the skills to design, manage, and optimize databases using industry-standard SQL practices.

Objectives

• Understand core database concepts and SQL command categories including DDL, DML, DQL, TCL, and DCL.
• Write complex queries using SELECT, WHERE, JOINs, and aggregate functions to retrieve and manipulate data.

Key topics

• Database Fundamentals
• SQL Querying Basics
• Joins and Relationships
• Stored Procedures and Functions

Expected outcomes

• Design and query relational databases using SQL commands such as CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
• Build and execute advanced queries involving subqueries, CTEs, window functions, and joins to generate business insights.

How the AI Tutor can help

How the Skillama AI Tutor helps with the listed lectures: explanations, follow-up questions, and running or debugging practice code.

Who this is for

This course is designed for beginners and intermediate learners who want to master SQL for database querying and management.

Curriculum

1. 1. Database Fundamentals

   • Introduction to Databases
   • DBMS vs RDBMS
   • Database Architecture
   • Tables, Rows, and Columns
   • Primary Key and Foreign Key
   • SQL Command Categories (DDL, DML, DQL, TCL, DCL)
   • Create a Database and Tables
   • Explore Database Objects

2. 2. SQL Querying Basics

   • SELECT Statement
   • WHERE Clause
   • DISTINCT Keyword
   • ORDER BY Clause
   • TOP / LIMIT Clause
   • Column Aliases
   • Retrieve Data from Tables
   • Apply Filters Using WHERE
   • Sort Data Using ORDER BY
   • Fetch Specific Records and Use Aliases in Queries

3. 3. SQL Operators and Functions

   • Comparison Operators
   • Logical Operators
   • IN, BETWEEN, LIKE Operators
   • NULL Handling
   • String Functions
   • Numeric Functions
   • Date Functions
   • Filter Data Using Operators
   • Search Patterns with LIKE
   • Handle NULL Values
   • Use Date Calculations

4. 4. Aggregate Functions and Grouping

   • COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN() and MAX()
   • GROUP BY Clause
   • HAVING Clause
   • Aggregate Function Best Practices
   • Calculate Totals and Averages
   • Generate Summary Reports
   • Group Data by Categories
   • Filter Groups with HAVING

5. 5. Joins and Relationships

   • Database Relationships
   • INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN
   • FULL OUTER JOIN and SELF JOIN
   • Join Multiple Tables
   • Retrieve Related Data
   • Compare Different Join Types
   • Create Relationship-Based Reports

6. 6. Subqueries and Set Operators

   • Single Row Subqueries
   • Multi-row Subqueries
   • Correlated Subqueries
   • EXISTS Operator
   • UNION and UNION ALL
   • INTERSECT and EXCEPT
   • Write Nested Queries
   • Use EXISTS Conditions
   • Combine Query Results and Compare Datasets

7. 7. Data Manipulation (DML)

   • INSERT Statement
   • UPDATE Statement
   • DELETE Statement
   • MERGE Statement
   • Data Integrity Concepts

8. 8. Database Objects

   • Constraints
   • Views
   • Indexes and Sequences
   • Identity Columns
   • Create and Query Views
   • Use Temporary Tables

9. 9. Stored Procedures and Functions

   • Introduction to Stored Procedures
   • Procedure Parameters
   • User Defined Functions
   • Variables and Control Flow
   • Error Handling
   • Execute Procedures
   • Create Scalar Functions
   • Create Table-Valued Functions

10. 10. Transactions and Security

    • Transactions
    • COMMIT and ROLLBACK
    • SAVEPOINT
    • ACID Properties
    • User Management
    • Manage user permissions (GRANT and REVOKE)

11. 11. Advanced SQL

    • Common Table Expressions (CTE)
    • Window Functions
    • ROW_NUMBER()
    • RANK() and DENSE_RANK()
    • LEAD() and LAG()
    • CASE Statements

12. 12. SQL Performance Tuning

    • Query Optimization Concepts
    • Execution Plans
    • Index Optimization
    • Normalization and Denormalization
    • SQL Best Practices

13. 13. Capstone Project

    • Design a Complete Database
    • Create Tables and Relationships
    • Reporting Requirements
    • Load Sample Data
    • Write Complex Queries
    • Create Views and Procedures
    • Implement Transactions
    • Generate Business Reports

14. 14. Mini Project

    • Online Food Ordering System
    • Customer registration
    • Restaurant management
    • Food/menu management
    • Order placement
    • Order status
    • Sales reports